Hematopoietic stem cells are currently the most widely used type of stem cells in clinical therapy, and their in-depth study will help us analyze and treat many hematologic and immunologic disorders. Here we briefly summarize the important signaling pathways related to in vivo development or in vitro differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells identified in the field of hematopoietic stem cell research, aiming to deepen the understanding of hematopoietic stem cells.